Equitable Distribution of Marital Property Under New York Divorce Law

New York divorce law provides for a much moreYork courts in a divorce case involving a spouse who
expansive definition of marital property than is foundacquired celebrity status during a marriage. Golub v.
in most other states. The definition applied by NewGolub, 139 Misc.2d 440 (Sup. Ct. New York County).
York courts bears little resemblance to traditionalThe court's determination that celebrity status was
concepts of "property" as that term is understoodsubject to equitable distribution was considered by
under common law.many to be a relatively straightforward application of
In the context of divorce, property is defined asthe principals enunciated by the Court of Appeals in
"things of value arising out of the marital relationship."O'Brien.
O'Brien v. O'Brien, 66 N.Y. 2d 576, 583 (1985). "ThingsHowever, more recent suggestions that "enhanced
of value" may be tangible or intangible. Elkus v. Elkus,earning capacity" is subject to distribution, even
169 A.D.2d 134 (1st Dept. 1991). Marital property, asabsent special circumstances such as celebrity status,
that term is used in the Domestic Relations Law,have generated controversy among New York's
includes pensions, advanced degrees, and professionalmatrimonial bar. The concern is that New York
licenses that, in other contexts, might not bedivorce law is going to an unsustainable extreme in
recognized as "property". New York's Court offinding property interests, and that unsuspecting
Appeals determined that in divorce, a professionallitigants are being unnecessarily forced into costly
license is an item of value subject to equitabledivorce litigation involving complex appraisals.
distribution because of its value, as well as theThe broad definition of marital property under New
money, effort, and lost opportunity for employmentYork divorce law translates into more expensive and
expended in its acquisition. More recently, there hascomplex divorce cases. Perhaps the easiest proactive
been disagreement about whether enhanced earningmeasure is that chosen by many New York residents
capacity (even absent a license or a degree) may be- a prenuptial agreement that specifically sets forth
considered an item of value subject to equitableeach parties' interests, rights, and responsibilities.
distribution. This issue was first decided by the New